Generated by Rank Math SEO, this is an llms.txt file designed to help LLMs better understand and index this website. # Balmont Conseil ## Sitemaps [XML Sitemap](https://balmontconseil.com/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages. ## Posts - [France–Switzerland: the two texts that decide, and the one that no longer exists](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/france-suisse-les-deux-textes-qui-decident-et-celui-qui-nexiste-plus/): Since January 1, 2015, there is no longer a convention between France and Switzerland regarding inheritance. France denounced the 1953 convention. Almost no one knows this, including those who live near the border every day. - [The line on your tax notice that no one reads](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/la-ligne-de-votre-avis-dimposition-que-personne-ne-lit/): At the very bottom of your tax notice, there is a box entitled "Retirement savings limit." It indicates, in euros, what you can still contribute to a PER (Retirement Savings Plan) by deducting it from your taxable income. - [Business introducers: how we work alongside you](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/apporteurs-daffaires-comment-nous-intervenons-a-vos-cotes/): We work in partnership on international matters that you do not wish to handle alone: tax residency, bilateral agreements, exit tax, inheritances without a prenuptial agreement, life and health insurance outside of France, and savings contracts that change status when crossing borders. - [Health and Expatriation: The Blind Spot That Ruins Even the Best-Prepared Families](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/sante-et-expatriation-langle-mort-qui-ruine-les-familles-les-mieux-preparees/): A family leaving France, except in the case of a secondment, loses its affiliation with the French social security system—and with it, its supplemental health insurance, the coverage of which ends at the borders. Coverage is not transferred: it must be rebuilt. - [Dutreil Pact and Expatriation 2027: Securing the Transfer of the Family Business](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/pacte-dutreil-et-expatriation-2027-securiser-la-transmission-de-lentreprise-familiale/): The Dutreil Pact (Article 787 B of the General Tax Code) allows 75% of the value of shares in an operating company transferred by gift or inheritance to be exempted from tax, subject to a collective commitment to retain the shares for 2 years and an individual commitment of 4 years, and to one of the participants holding a management position for 3 years after the transfer. - [Presidential Elections 2027: Three scenarios with figures on high wealth](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/presidentielles-2027-trois-scenarios-chiffres-sur-les-patrimoines-eleves/): The 2027 presidential elections are coming! - [Beckham Law Spain 2026: The Expatriate Tax Regime Explained for French Executives](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/loi-beckham-espagne-2026-le-regime-des-impatries-explique-pour-les-dirigeants-francais/): The Beckham Law (special regime for expatriates residing in Spain, Article 93 of the Spanish Income Tax Law LIRPF) offers employees and executives transferring their tax residence to Spain a flat tax rate of 24% on Spanish-source employment income up to €600,000, and 47% on income exceeding that amount. Spanish-source capital gains are taxed according to the Spanish capital gains tax scale (19% to 28% since 2025). Foreign-source income is exempt from Spanish taxation for certain categories (income from work abroad, foreign dividends under certain conditions). - [Tax residency in Dubai for French citizens: system, conditions, and actual taxation](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/residence-fiscale-a-dubai-pour-francais/): Establishing tax residency requires obtaining a residence visa (investor visa, property owner visa, or Golden Visa) and maintaining a physical presence of at least 90 days within 12 consecutive months to obtain a tax residency certificate that is valid with the French authorities. The France-UAE tax treaty of July 19, 1989, determines the allocation of taxing rights between the two states on French-source income received by Emirati residents. - [Custody and Assets: What You Need to Know](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/droit-de-garde-et-patrimoine-ce-quil-faut-savoir/): Discover how custody and assets impact your finances during a divorce. Protect your interests and get informed now! - [Taxation of Rental Income in Germany: An Expat Guide](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/fiscalite-revenus-locatifs-allemagne-guide-expatrie/): Discover how to optimize the taxation of rental income in Germany as an expat. Avoid mistakes, manage your tax obligations, and save! - [Purchase of Expat Pension Quarters: A 2026 Guide](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/rachat-de-trimestres-expatrie-guide-2026/): Discover how purchasing expatriate pension quarters can secure your retirement. Follow our 2026 guide to maximize your rights! - [Mastering the Center of Economic Interests When Living Abroad](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/maitriser-le-centre-des-interets-economiques-en-expatriation/): Discover how to manage the center of economic interests as an expatriate to avoid unpleasant tax surprises and optimize your assets. - [Leaving French Tax Residence: Key Formalities](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/quitter-la-residence-fiscale-francaise-formalites-cles/): Avoid tax mistakes by learning the keys to formally leaving your French tax residence. Follow our steps for a secure departure! - [Protecting your expatriate spouse: 2026 guide](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/protection-du-conjoint-expatrie-guide-2026/): Discover how to protect your expatriate spouse with our 2026 guide. Avoid legal risks and secure your future. - [Expatriate marriage contract: 2026 legal guide](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/contrat-de-mariage-expatrie-guide-juridique-2026/): Discover how to secure your expatriate marriage contract with our 2026 legal advice. Avoid costly mistakes! - [IFICI Portugal 2026 Regime: The Successor to the NHR, Conditions and Actual Taxation](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/regime-ifici-portugal-2026/): The IFICI (Incentivo Fiscal à Investigação Científica e Inovação) regime replaced the Non-Habitual Resident (NHR) regime in Portugal on January 1, 2024, following State Budget Law No. 82/2023. It is significantly more restrictive than the historical NHR. It is intended for individuals who transfer their tax residence to Portugal to work in sectors deemed to have high added value in science, technology, or innovation. Eligible beneficiaries are taxed at a flat rate of 20% on Portuguese-source income derived from these activities and, in principle, benefit from an exemption on most foreign-source income for ten years. - [Optimizing Multi-Currency Management for Expatriates](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/optimiser-la-gestion-multi-devises-pour-expatries/): Discover the multi-currency management procedure for expatriates to optimize your international finances and avoid tax losses. Click here! - [Top 3 SCPIs with No Social Security Contributions 2026](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/scpi-sans-prelevements-sociaux-3/): Discover 3 SCPIs with no social security contributions; optimize your investments in France with our detailed comparison. - [Retirement Savings Plan for Non-Residents: Optimize Your Savings and Taxation](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/per-pour-non-resident-optimiser-votre-epargne-et-fiscalite/): Discover how to optimize your tax situation with a retirement savings plan for non-residents. Navigate the tax rules and maximize your retirement savings! - [Furnished Rental of Non-Principal Residences (LMNP) for Non-Residents: Avoid Tax Traps](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/lmnp-pour-non-residents-evitez-les-pieges-fiscaux/): Discover how to avoid the tax trap of furnished rental of non-residents. Protect your investments in France with our comprehensive and practical guide. - [Automate your preliminary wealth analysis now](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/automatisez-votre-pre-analyse-patrimoniale-des-maintenant/): Discover how automated preliminary wealth analysis simplifies the management of your international wealth. Optimize your decisions now! - [International wealth holding company structure: a guide for expatriates](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/montage-holding-patrimoniale-internationale-guide-expatries/): Discover the international wealth holding company structure: an essential guide for expatriates on the effective management of your assets abroad. - [Italian Flat Tax €200,000: The Neo-Resident Regime Explained for French Citizens](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/flat-tax-italienne-neo-residenti/): The Italian neo-resident regime (Article 24-bis of the TUIR, the Consolidated Tax Law) allows individuals transferring their tax residence to Italy to subject all their foreign-sourced income to a flat annual tax. - [Contribution-Sale to a Holding Company and Expatriation: A Technical Guide for Executives](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/apport-cession-a-holding-et-expatriation/): This is where wealth management becomes crucial. A contribution-sale is not just a deferral tool; it's a structure of freedom. However, to prevent this freedom from turning into a tax audit, the combination with expatriation must be meticulously planned. At Balmont Conseil, the first AI-powered wealth management firm, we model these trajectories so that your sale is not an end, but a new, capital-rich beginning. - [Expatriation Sale Explained: How to Sell Your Business Before Expatriation?](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/cession-exil-guide/): Expatriation sale is the coordinated sequence of a business sale and a transfer of tax residence, structured to minimize the cumulative tax burden. - [Exit Tax 2026: A Complete Guide for Business Leaders — Mechanisms, Deferral, Optimization, and Case Studies](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/exit-tax-2026-guide-du-dirigeant/): The Exit Tax 2026 applies to unrealized capital gains on company shares held by a taxpayer at the time of their tax residence transfer outside of France, provided that their shareholding exceeds €800,000 or their stake reaches 50% of a company's capital (Article 167 bis of the French General Tax Code). - [Tax Retroactivity: Why a Law Passed in July Can Tax Your January Income](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/retroactivite-fiscale/): "Alexis, I have time, the elections aren't until 2027." - [Deferral of Exit Tax Payment: Automatic for the EU, Optional Elsewhere](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/sursis-de-paiement-de-lexit-tax/): Deferring payment of the exit tax (taxation of unrealized capital gains upon leaving France) is the key mechanism for avoiding immediate tax payment upon departure. - [Luxembourg Life Insurance: Advantages for Expatriates](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/assurance-vie-luxembourgeoise-avantages-expatries/): Discover the concrete advantages of Luxembourg assurance-vie for expatriates and wealthy families: tax neutrality, portability, and enhanced security. - [European SCPIs for non-residents: optimize your assets](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/scpi-europeenne-pour-non-residents/): Discover how European SCPIs for non-residents can optimize your assets abroad with competitive returns. Read more! - [Investing in SCPIs from Dubai: a practical guide for expats](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/investir-en-scpi-depuis-dubai-guide-pratique-pour-expatries/): Discover how to successfully invest in SCPIs from Dubai. This practical guide helps you easily optimize your real estate portfolio. - [Calendar for a successful tax expatriation: the 18-month timeline for 2026-2027](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/calendrier-expatriation-fiscale/): The optimal timeline for a departure aimed at securing the applicable tax regime before the presidential election of May 2027 involves a decision before the end of the fourth quarter of 2025, a structuring of assets (audit/balance sheet, contribution-sale, gifts, split of ownership) between January and June 2026, an operational preparation (target residence, schooling, bank accounts) between June and October 2026, and an effective transfer of tax residence no later than June 30, 2026 to benefit from a 2026 tax year treated as a year of departure. Here is a timeline for a successful tax expatriation in 2027. - [Tax residency and nationality: the difference everyone confuses](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/residence-fiscale-et-nationalite/): The confusion between tax residency and nationality is a recurring trap for executives who think they must give up their passport to expatriate for tax purposes, or who believe that retaining French nationality is enough to protect them from aggressive foreign taxation. - [Contribution-sale and Article 150-0 B ter of the French General Tax Code: definition, mechanism, and practical example](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/apport-cession-et-article-150-0-b-ter/): This is the central element of "zero-tax" transfers. A contribution-sale freezes the tax liability, but a gift eliminates it. - [How much does the exit tax cost?] [3 numerical examples based on the valuation of the securities](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/combien-coute-lexit-tax-3-exemples-chiffres-selon-la-valorisation-des-titres/): Exit tax = (market value of the securities on the day of departure − purchase price) × 30 %. The result is called the theoretical exit tax. It becomes the effective exit tax only in three cases: sale of the securities before the end of the deferral period, early return to France, or failure to file a tax return. Otherwise, it is released after fifteen years for the securities held. - [Wealth Expatriation Checklist: Secure Your Departure](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/checklist-expatriation-patrimoniale-securisez-votre-depart/): Discover our wealth expatriation checklist to secure your departure abroad. Protect your assets and avoid tax pitfalls! - [Expatriate Insurance: Protect Your Future in 2026](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/prevoyance-pour-expatries-proteger-son-avenir/): Discover how expatriate insurance protects against death, disability, and long-term care needs. Strategies, contributions, taxation, and tailored advice for 2026. - [Optimize Family Wealth and Taxation: 2026 Guide](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/optimiser-patrimoine-familial-fiscalite-guide-2026/): Discover the allowances, tax brackets, and key strategies to optimize your family wealth and inheritance tax in 2026, in France and internationally. - [Wealth Management: 17,000 Connected Institutions by 2026](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/gestion-patrimoine-nouvelles-technologies-expatries/): Discover how AI and aggregation tools like Elisyan (17,000 institutions) and Celena are transforming international wealth management for expatriates and high-net-worth families by 2026. - [Capital Gains on Securities for Expatriates: Rules and Tax Pitfalls](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/plus-values-mobilieres-expatries-regles-calculs-pieges/): Expatriates and executives: discover the rules, calculation methods, and tax pitfalls of international capital gains on securities, including exit tax and tax treaties. - [Cross-border wealth management: succeeding in 2026](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/gestion-de-fortune-transfrontaliere-reussir-en-2026/): Discover how to successfully manage your cross-border wealth in 2026. Protect your assets against global tax and legal challenges. - [Planning your retirement abroad: taxation and wealth management](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/planifier-retraite-en-expatriation-fiscalite-patrimoine/): Retiring abroad: tax treaties, attractive countries, wealth management tools, and essential steps for expatriates and wealthy families. Complete Guide 2026 - [SCPI and Luxembourg Life Insurance: Guide, Taxation and Risks](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/scpi-et-assurance-vie-luxembourgeoise/): A few months ago, I was assisting a client, an expatriate in Singapore, who wanted to secure part of his French real estate capital (his SCPI units) within a Luxembourg assurance-vie contract. On paper, the idea seemed appealing: combining the protection of the Luxembourg "Triangle of Security" with the returns of real estate investment trusts. - [The Secret to Effectively Managing Your Wealth in 2026: Beyond Returns](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/bien-gerer-son-patrimoine/): This sentiment is shared by many. By 2026, the old-fashioned, "old-school" wealth management model of the 2010s—the one based on euro-denominated funds and haphazardly managed rental properties—is officially dead. Between global geopolitical tensions, persistent inflation, and tax reforms, managing one's wealth effectively is no longer just about seeking performance, but about building a veritable fortress of resilience. - [Succession Planning: Transferring Wealth Internationally](https://balmontconseil.com/en/blog/planification-successorale-transmettre-son-patrimoine-a-linternational/): Understanding international estate planning: tools, tax challenges, and strategies for expatriates and wealthy families seeking to secure their inheritance. ## Pages - [Tax Residency: The File Prepared Before Departure](https://balmontconseil.com/en/residence-fiscale/): Your tax residency file, prepared before departure—while the documents still exist—and kept up to date for as long as it may be required. - [Cookie Policy (EU)](https://balmontconseil.com/en/politique-de-cookies-ue/) - [Complex Estates](https://balmontconseil.com/en/successions-complexes/): "Alexis, my father owned buildings in France, a consulting company in Germany, and accounts in Singapore. Today, my brothers and I no longer speak to each other, the tax authorities are demanding penalties from us, and the notary seems overwhelmed by the joint ownership. How can we escape this deadlock without breaking everything apart?" - [Long-Term Wealth Strategy](https://balmontconseil.com/en/long-term-wealth-strategy/): "Alexis, I feel like I have a lot of assets, but none of them really work together. I pay too much tax and I don't even know if my family is protected in case of hardship." - [Wealth Management for Self-Employed Professionals](https://balmontconseil.com/en/self-employed-professionals/): "Alexis, I devote 60 hours a week to my patients/clients, my net income is excellent, but I have no time to manage my investments. Is my personal protection coverage sufficient? How can I turn my current tax burden into income for my future retirement?" - [Jeanbrun & LLI Scheme Simulator: Depreciation, 10% VAT, and Tax Savings](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-jeanbrun-lli/): The Pinel scheme expired at the end of 2024; the Jeanbrun scheme (2026 Finance Law, "private landlord status") replaces it with a radically different approach: instead of a flat-rate tax reduction, you DEPRECIATE the property—as with LMNP (furnished rental), but for unfurnished rentals. Combined with Intermediate Rental Housing (LLI), you benefit from a 10% VAT rate instead of 20% and a 20-year property tax exemption. The simulator calculates the deductible depreciation, the tax savings over 9 years, and the total benefit of combining the schemes. - [Our Partners](https://balmontconseil.com/en/nos-partenaires/): Open Architecture · Multi-Family Office - [The Balmont Wealth App](https://balmontconseil.com/en/application-patrimoniale/): A tracking app shows you the numbers. Balmont Wealth transforms them into decisions—with a regulated advisor reviewing, signing, and implementing them. - [All Our Wealth Simulators](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/tous-nos-simulateurs/): Find all 35 of our wealth simulators: savings, retirement, tax optimization, insurance, and financing. Each simulator is free, instant, and comes with detailed explanations. - [Wealth Management Loan Simulator: Financing an Investment with Leverage](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-credit-patrimonial/): A wealth management loan finances an investment—real estate, SCPI units, financial investments—by leveraging the strength of your assets rather than solely relying on your income. When properly structured, it uses leverage to build or optimize your wealth, provided the return on investment exceeds the cost of the loan. The simulator calculates your monthly payment and the total cost of financing. - [Lombard Loan Simulator: Access Liquidity Without Selling Your Assets](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-credit-lombard/): A Lombard loan is a cash advance secured by the pledging of a financial portfolio—assurance-vie, securities account. It allows you to raise cash without selling your assets, thus avoiding capital gains tax, while letting your capital continue to work. This is the core of the "Buy, Borrow, Die" strategy. A powerful tool, it requires absolute clarity regarding the risk of margin calls. The simulator calculates your borrowing capacity based on the loan-to-value ratio and the cost of interest. - [Bullet Loan Simulator: Interest, Cost, and Leverage](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-credit-in-fine/): With a bullet loan, you only repay the interest throughout the term, then the principal in a single lump sum at maturity. More expensive in terms of gross interest than a standard amortizing loan, it offers in return interest that is fully deductible from rental income and capital that remains invested and continues to grow. It is the preferred tool for optimized rental property investment for high-income taxpayers. The simulator calculates your monthly interest payment and the total cost of the loan. - [Capped Variable Rate Loan Simulator: Monthly Payment and Bounded Risk](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-credit-taux-variable-cape/): A capped variable rate loan often offers a lower initial rate than a fixed rate, while limiting the risk: the rate can never exceed a ceiling—the "cap," for example, +1 or +2 points. It is a precise tool, best suited to well-defined situations where you are making a controlled bet on a drop in rates or on early repayment. The simulator calculates your current monthly payment and its maximum value in the worst-case scenario. - [Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loan Simulator: Monthly Payment and Total Cost](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-credit-taux-fixe/): A fixed-rate amortizing mortgage is the benchmark for real estate financing: constant monthly payment, interest rate known in advance, no surprises. But reducing it to a simple debt is a beginner's mistake. When properly structured, it is the most powerful asset-building tool: it allows you to acquire an asset today by paying for it with tomorrow's money—often that of a tenant. The simulator calculates your monthly payment including insurance, the total cost of interest, and the overall cost of the loan. - [Madelin Health Insurance Simulator (Self-Employed): Supplemental Coverage and Deductions](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-mutuelle-sante-madelin/): While an employee has half of their health insurance paid for by their employer, the self-employed worker finances their supplemental health insurance entirely on their own. The Madelin framework restores balance: when taken out within this framework, contributions become tax-deductible, up to a specific limit. This is provided that the contract is "responsible" and contributions are made regularly. The simulator below estimates, according to your income bracket, the actual net cost of your healthcare after tax savings are deducted. - [Madelin Insurance Simulator (Self-Employed): Protection and Tax Savings](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-prevoyance-madelin/): Self-employed workers live with a blind spot that only becomes apparent at the worst possible time: in the event of sick leave, disability, or death, no mandatory coverage replaces their income. Their existing system only pays meager benefits, sometimes none at all. Madelin insurance fills this gap by rebuilding a replacement income and protecting loved ones—and its contributions are tax-deductible. The simulator below calculates, according to your tax bracket, the actual net cost of this protection once the tax savings have been deducted. - [GFF (wood and forests) simulator: tax reduction, IFI and inheritance](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-groupement-foncier-forestier-gff/): The Forestry Land Group (GFF) allows you to invest in sustainably managed forest areas by combining three rare advantages in a single asset: an income tax reduction of 18% upon subscription (capped at €50,000 / €100,000), an exemption from IFI up to 75% of the value of the shares, and a 75% reduction on inheritance tax (Monichon scheme). The current yield is modest (1 to 2 times 13 years), liquidity is limited, and the investment horizon is long: it is primarily a powerful tool for inheritance planning and reducing wealth tax (IFI). - [Historic Monuments Simulator: Deduction of expenses from total income](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-monuments-historiques/): The Historic Monuments scheme is the most powerful of all real estate investment mechanisms: it allows you to deduct all expenses and work on a listed or registered property from your total income, without any limit and outside the tax loophole cap. At a marginal tax bracket of 41 or 45, the impact on your tax bill is considerable. The trade-off is significant: a 15-year preservation commitment and strict obligations related to the protected status of the property. An investment driven by passion and inheritance as much as by tax optimization. - [Malraux Law Simulator: Tax Reduction for Real Estate Restoration](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-malraux/): The Malraux Law rewards the complete restoration of historic buildings located in protected areas with a tax reduction of 22% or 30% of the cost of the work, up to a maximum of €400,000 over 4 years (€100,000/year). Its decisive advantage for high-income earners: this reduction is not subject to the overall €10,000 cap on tax breaks. In return, there is a commitment to rent the property unfurnished for 9 years, the work must be supervised by the Architects of the Buildings of France, and the quality of the real estate project must be verified independently of the tax benefit. - [SOFICA Simulator: Tax Reduction and Film Financing](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-sofica/): A SOFICA (Société de Financement de l'Industrie Cinématographique et Audiovisuelle - Film and Audiovisual Industry Financing Company) finances the production of films and series in exchange for one of the highest tax reduction rates on the market: a base of 30%, increased to 36% and then up to 48% depending on the company's commitments, within the dual limits of 25% of total net income and €18,000 in contributions. A key advantage: this ceiling is specific to this type of investment, distinct from the standard tax break ceiling. The downside: a 5- to 10-year lock-in period and no guaranteed exit value. - [FCPI Simulator: Tax Reduction and Innovation Funding](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-fcpi/): The Innovation Investment Fund (FCPI) finances innovative SMEs—biotech, deeptech, digital—and entitles investors to an income tax reduction of 18% of the investment, capped at €12,000 (single) or €24,000 (couple). The performance potential is higher than that of a FIP (French Local Investment Fund), but so is the risk: significant dispersion of results, where a few successes must offset several failures. A high-conviction investment, to be carefully considered. - [Overseas FIP Simulator: 30% Tax Reduction](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-fip-outre-mer/): The Overseas FIP finances SMEs in the French overseas departments and territories and entitles investors to an income tax reduction of 30% — like the Corsican FIP, and well beyond the 18% of a standard FIP — up to a limit of €12,000 (single investor) or €24,000 (couple). Generous rates, but the same drawbacks apply: unlisted SMEs, illiquidity for at least 5 years, and no capital guarantee. A targeted diversification tool, not a core portfolio investment. - [Corsican FIP Simulator: 30% Tax Reduction](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-fip-corse/): The Corsican FIP finances SMEs located in Corsica and entitles investors to an income tax reduction of 30%—significantly higher than the 18% of a standard FIP—up to a limit of €12,000 (single investor) or €24,000 (couple). The increased rate is more generous, but the risk remains the same: unlisted SMEs, a minimum 5-year period of illiquidity, and no guaranteed exit value. The enhanced tax advantage never negates the need to assess the fund's quality. - [FIP Simulator: Tax Reduction for Financing Regional SMEs](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-fip/): The Local Investment Fund (FIP) finances unlisted regional SMEs and entitles investors to an income tax reduction of 18% of the amount invested, capped at €12,000 for a single person and €24,000 for a couple. The reduction is guaranteed and immediate; however, the shares are risky, locked in for at least 5 years, and the redemption value is not guaranteed. It is a diversification investment, not a tax reduction scheme to be chosen blindly. - [Girardin Industrial Simulator: Eliminate Your Tax with a Net Gain](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-girardin-industriel/): The Girardin Industrial scheme finances productive investments in French overseas territories in exchange for a tax reduction exceeding the initial investment. You commit an amount less than the tax eliminated, and pocket the difference—typically 10 to 15% net tax return the following year. This is a one-off scheme with no resale value, the absolute key to which is the operator's financial stability and the coverage of the risk of repossession. - [SCPI simulator with split ownership: bare ownership, discount, and wealth tax](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-scpi-demembrement/): Buying the bare ownership of SCPI units means acquiring them at a significant discount—20% over 5 years, 30% to 35% over 10 years—with the usufruct being transferred to a third party for the duration of the split ownership. During this period, you receive no income: no property tax, no social security contributions, and the units are excluded from your wealth tax base. At the end of the term, you regain full ownership without any additional costs or taxes. This is the conversion of heavily taxed income into a tax-free capital gain. - [SCPI Simulator: Income, Property Tax, and Net Return](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-scpi/): SCPIs promise regular rental income without management, starting from a few thousand euros. However, with direct ownership, this income is considered rental income, added to your other income and taxed at your marginal tax rate plus 17.2% in social security contributions. At a marginal tax rate of 41%, nearly 58% of the rent goes to tax: a distribution of 5.5% falls below 2.4% net. The real issue isn't the gross return, it's the ownership method. - [End-of-Career Allowance (ECA) Simulator: Commitment and Provisioning](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-indemnites-fin-de-carriere-ifc/): Every company must pay an end-of-career allowance (ECA) to its retiring employees, as stipulated by the Labor Code or collective bargaining agreement, in months of salary based on seniority. This social obligation, often overlooked, can represent significant sums that arrive all at once upon retirement and strain cash flow. An ECA contract allows this expense to be outsourced and smoothed: the company pays regular premiums, tax-deductible, and the insurer covers the allowance when the time comes. - [Article 39 Simulator (Supplementary Pension Plan): Defined Benefit Life Annuity](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-article-39-retraite-chapeau/): The "Article 39" plan, or supplementary pension plan, is a defined benefit plan: the company commits to a specific annuity level—a percentage of the final salary—for executives or key managers. Unlike defined contribution plans, it is the outcome that is guaranteed, not the contribution: the company bears the financial risk and sets aside funds to cover the commitment. Fully funded by the employer and reformed by the PACTE law, it is one of the most powerful tools for retaining strategic talent—and one of the most technically complex to implement. - [Article 82 Simulator: Individual Supplementary Retirement Plan](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-article-82/): The "Article 82" plan is a defined contribution retirement savings plan funded by the company for the benefit of employees or executives. Its unique feature: employer contributions are taxable upon entry as a salary supplement—no deductions—but in return, the capital remains available, not locked in until retirement, and is transferable. It is a flexible deferred compensation tool that trades immediate tax advantages for freedom. It is used to retain an executive by offering them liquid savings, or to supplement a locked-in retirement savings plan with readily available funds. - [Article 83 Simulator: Defined Contribution Group Retirement Plan](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-article-83/): The "Article 83" plan, a defined contribution group supplementary retirement plan now transferable to the mandatory company retirement savings plan (PER), finances the retirement of a category of employees through mandatory contributions shared between the employer and the employee. These contributions are deductible from the employee's taxable income up to a specific limit, and deductible from the company's profits. For an executive treated as an employee—such as the president of a simplified joint-stock company (SAS) or a minority shareholder in a limited liability company (SARL)—it's a way to build up supplementary retirement savings partly funded by the company, with a tax advantage upon enrollment. - [PERCOI Simulator: The Pooled Group Retirement Plan for SMEs](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-percoi/): The PERCOI is the inter-company version of the PER collectif (collective retirement savings plan): a company retirement plan pooled between several companies, designed for SMEs that cannot set up their own plan. It offers the same advantages—tax-exempt employer contributions, lump-sum or annuity payouts, and funding through employee savings plans—without the complex setup. Combined with profit-sharing and employee stock ownership plans, it is a powerful deferred compensation tool that fosters employee loyalty and benefits the business owner in companies with fewer than 250 employees. - [PERCO/PER Collective Company Retirement Savings Plan Simulator: Retirement Capital and Employer Matching Contributions](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-perco-pereco/): The PERCO and its successor, the PER collective company retirement savings plan (PER Collective) established by the PACTE law, are the retirement equivalent of the PEE (Company Savings Plan): they combine your employee savings, employer matching contributions—often more generous because they are designed for a longer time horizon—and your unused vacation days. The portion from employee savings and employer matching contributions is exempt from income tax; only social security contributions are levied on the gains. Withdrawal is possible as a lump sum or as an annuity. This is one of the most effective ways to prepare for retirement when your company has a good employee savings plan agreement. - [Intercompany Savings Plan Simulator: Employee Savings for Very Small and Small Businesses](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-pei-plan-epargne-interentreprises/): The Intercompany Savings Plan (PEI) is a turnkey, shared employee savings plan (PEE) for very small and small businesses, designed for businesses that lack the size or administrative resources to set up their own plan. It offers the same advantages as a standard PEE: employer contributions exempt from income tax, a 5-year lock-in period, and capital gains exempt from income tax. But the PEI is also a powerful tool for the business owner themselves: in companies with fewer than 250 employees, they can withdraw funds from the company's cash reserves to their personal assets, with very favorable tax treatment. - [Employee Savings Plan Simulator: Employer Matching Contribution and Tax-Exempt Capital](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-pee-plan-epargne-entreprise/): The Employee Savings Plan is often the best investment available, by far—not for its market return, but for its matching contribution: for every euro paid in, the employer can add up to 300 (%), within a certain limit, and this matching contribution is exempt from income tax. A matching contribution of 100 (%) instantly earns you 100 (%) on the amount paid in, before any financial return. The funds are locked in for 5 years, but with a long list of cases for early withdrawal. It's the first investment vehicle to maximize before any other savings. - [Madelin PER Simulator (Self-Employed): Retirement and Profit Deduction](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-per-madelin/): The "Madelin" PER, now integrated into the individual PER, offers self-employed workers a significantly higher deduction limit than salaried employees: 10 times % of the PASS (annual social security ceiling), plus 15 times % of the portion of profit between 1 and 8 times the PASS. A high-profit objective can thus deduct tens of thousands of euros per year. Since the PER reform, the obligation to contribute every year has been eliminated: you adjust your contributions according to your performance. It is one of the most powerful tax optimization tools for the self-employed—provided it is managed effectively. - [Individual Retirement Savings Plan Simulator: Retirement Capital and Tax Savings](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-per-individuel/): The individual retirement savings plan (PER) is the only investment where the government co-finances your savings: each contribution is deducted from your taxable income, and the tax savings are greater the higher your marginal tax rate. At a marginal tax rate of 41%, €1,000 contributed only actually costs you €590—the government finances the remaining €410. However, the PER only makes sense if you understand the difference in tax brackets between your current contributions and your future retirement savings. The simulator below calculates your projected capital and the cumulative tax savings. - [PEA-PME Simulator: Investing in SMEs and Mid-Sized Companies with Reduced Taxation](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-pea-pme/): The PEA-PME applies the exact same tax rules as the standard PEA—income tax exemption on capital gains after 5 years, social security contributions of 17.2% maintained—but targets the financing of European SMEs and mid-sized companies. What most people don't know is that its €225,000 limit is cumulative with the standard PEA, up to an overall limit of €225,000. This is the ideal vehicle for diversification into the real economy, for investors who have already maxed out or supplemented their equity PEA and are willing to accept a higher risk profile. - [PEA Simulator: Capital, Capital Gains, and Tax Exemption After 5 Years](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-pea/): The PEA (Equity Savings Plan) is the most effective vehicle for investing in European stocks over the long term, yet it's the most underutilized by those who settle for a standard securities account taxed at 30%. What most people don't know is that after 5 years, capital gains are completely exempt from income tax—only the 17.2% social security contributions remain due. With a contribution limit of €150,000, which can be combined with €225,000 for a PEA-PME (Equity Savings Plan for SMEs), it forms the foundation of any well-structured equity portfolio. - [Luxembourg Capitalization Contract Simulator: Savings, Transfer, and Security](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-contrat-capitalisation-luxembourgeois/): The Luxembourg capitalization contract combines two unique features: the transferability through gifts and ownership by a company subject to corporate income tax (IS) of the French capitalization contract, and the unlimited protection plus the broader investment universe of Luxembourg. What most people don't realize is that this is the preferred vehicle for asset-holding companies wishing to invest significant cash in diversified assets while maintaining maximum legal security. It's the ideal tool for large, international assets structured through companies. - [Capitalization Contract Simulator: Savings, Taxation, and Inheritance](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-contrat-capitalisation/): The capitalization contract is the lesser-known twin of assurance-vie: same tax treatment for withdrawals, same allowances of €4,600 / €9,200 after 8 years, same 7.5% tax. What most people don't realize is that its apparent drawback—it becomes part of the estate if there is no beneficiary clause—is actually its strength: it is given during your lifetime while retaining its tax advantages. It is also the only contract of this type that a company subject to corporate income tax can hold, making it the go-to tool for corporate treasury management. - [Luxembourg Life Insurance Simulator: Capital, Capital Gains, and the Security of the Triangle](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-assurance-vie-luxembourgeoise/): Luxembourg assurance-vie offers no tax advantages that a French resident wouldn't already have in France: this is precisely what most people are unaware of. Its superiority lies in its legal structure. While French guarantees are capped at €70,000 per insurer, the Triangle of Security protects your entire assets, without limit, with priority creditor status over the French state itself. In addition, it offers an investment universe unmatched by the French market—multi-currency, dedicated funds, individual securities, and private equity. This investment vehicle is designed for portfolios starting at around €250,000. - [Life Insurance Simulator: Capital, Capital Gains, and Actual Taxation After 8 Years](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-assurance-vie/): Assurance-vie is not an investment: it's a legal and tax-efficient vehicle in which you hold a strategy. With nearly €2 trillion in outstanding balances, it's the leading financial asset for the French—but also the most underutilized. Between a bank contract with high fees and an open-architecture contract, the capital difference commonly reaches 20% to 30% over 20 years. The simulator below calculates your capital, your capital gain, and the actual tax implications of a withdrawal after 8 years—net of fees. - [Tools & Simulators](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/outils-simulateurs/): Savings, retirement, tax optimization, insurance, and financing: each simulator calculates your situation in seconds and includes a detailed analysis—taxation, strategies, and a real-life example. Select yours. - [Leaving France for tax purposes: would your departure withstand a tax audit?](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/quitter-la-france-architecte-de-depart/): Leaving France for tax purposes is not a simple move; it's a procedure. A poorly planned departure exposes you to three major risks: reclassification of your tax residence by the tax authorities based on various indicators, an incorrectly assessed exit tax that prevents payment deferrals, and failure to file annual tax returns, which, over the 15 years following your departure, makes the tax immediately due. - [PER or assurance-vie: which investment truly prepares you for retirement?](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-per-ou-assurance-vie/): The real question is therefore not "PER or assurance-vie," but "what portion of my retirement savings benefits from being tax-deductible, and what portion benefits from remaining flexible?" It's a trade-off, not a binary choice. - [International mobility simulator: is tax expatriation really in your best interest?](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-de-mobilite-expatriation-fiscale/): An executive who believes they will save €200,000 by moving to Dubai may, with exit tax and cross-border flows factored in, actually only gain half that amount—or, if poorly prepared, lose it. The simulator below models this net benefit for your situation. Tax expatriation is only relevant if it corresponds to a real and substantial relocation: it's a legal requirement, not an option. - [Tax optimization simulator: how much can you really reduce your taxes?](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-optimisation-fiscale/): Optimizing your taxes isn't about paying less tax at all costs; it's about structurally reducing your tax burden without compromising the quality of your assets. Not all strategies are created equal. The PER (Retirement Savings Plan) works by deducting from taxable income and building retirement capital. The Girardin industrial scheme works by providing a one-off tax reduction, without any corresponding asset reduction but with a real risk. - [Asset health check: is your wealth truly solid?](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/bilan-de-sante-patrimonial/): Wealth isn't just a sum of money; it's a structure. And a structure can be assessed. The wealth health assessment evaluates the strength of your portfolio based on seven structural pillars: precautionary liquidity, asset allocation diversification, tax efficiency, insurance, retirement planning, estate planning, and international dimension. - [Real cost of management fees: how much do they really erode your capital in the long term?](https://balmontconseil.com/en/ressources/simulateur-frais-de-gestion/): Management fees are not measured as an annual percentage, but as a percentage of the final capital lost. A difference of 1% in fees per year—the common difference between a bank contract and an open architecture contract—represents, over 30 years, a loss of 20% to 28% of the final capital.